VAT Chart: Add or Remove VAT at 5%, 10%, 20%, 21%, 23% and 25%
Need to add VAT to a price, or take it out of a price that already includes it? The charts below give exact figures for the most common rates. For any other amount or rate, use the VAT calculator.
The two formulas
- Add VAT: gross = net × (1 + rate ÷ 100). At 20%, multiply by 1.20.
- Remove VAT: net = gross ÷ (1 + rate ÷ 100). At 20%, divide by 1.20.
The VAT amount itself is the gross price minus the net price.
Net price to gross price (VAT added)
| Net price | 5% VAT | 10% VAT | 15% VAT | 20% VAT | 21% VAT | 23% VAT | 25% VAT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 10.50 | 11.00 | 11.50 | 12.00 | 12.10 | 12.30 | 12.50 |
| 20 | 21.00 | 22.00 | 23.00 | 24.00 | 24.20 | 24.60 | 25.00 |
| 25 | 26.25 | 27.50 | 28.75 | 30.00 | 30.25 | 30.75 | 31.25 |
| 50 | 52.50 | 55.00 | 57.50 | 60.00 | 60.50 | 61.50 | 62.50 |
| 100 | 105.00 | 110.00 | 115.00 | 120.00 | 121.00 | 123.00 | 125.00 |
| 200 | 210.00 | 220.00 | 230.00 | 240.00 | 242.00 | 246.00 | 250.00 |
| 500 | 525.00 | 550.00 | 575.00 | 600.00 | 605.00 | 615.00 | 625.00 |
| 1000 | 1050.00 | 1100.00 | 1150.00 | 1200.00 | 1210.00 | 1230.00 | 1250.00 |
Gross price to net price (VAT removed)
| Gross price | 5% VAT | 10% VAT | 15% VAT | 20% VAT | 21% VAT | 23% VAT | 25% VAT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 9.52 | 9.09 | 8.70 | 8.33 | 8.26 | 8.13 | 8.00 |
| 20 | 19.05 | 18.18 | 17.39 | 16.67 | 16.53 | 16.26 | 16.00 |
| 25 | 23.81 | 22.73 | 21.74 | 20.83 | 20.66 | 20.33 | 20.00 |
| 50 | 47.62 | 45.45 | 43.48 | 41.67 | 41.32 | 40.65 | 40.00 |
| 100 | 95.24 | 90.91 | 86.96 | 83.33 | 82.64 | 81.30 | 80.00 |
| 200 | 190.48 | 181.82 | 173.91 | 166.67 | 165.29 | 162.60 | 160.00 |
| 500 | 476.19 | 454.55 | 434.78 | 416.67 | 413.22 | 406.50 | 400.00 |
| 1000 | 952.38 | 909.09 | 869.57 | 833.33 | 826.45 | 813.01 | 800.00 |
Worked examples
Adding VAT. A service costs 250 before VAT, at 20%. VAT is 250 × 0.20 = 50, so the price including VAT is 300.
Removing VAT. A shelf costs 120 including 20% VAT. Net = 120 ÷ 1.20 = 100, so the VAT is 20.
The mistake that trips most people up
To remove 20% VAT from a gross price, do not subtract 20% of it. Taking 20% off 120 gives 96, which is wrong. The VAT was added to the net price, so the gross price is 120% of the net. Divide by 1.20 to get 100.
What each rate is used for
VAT rates differ between countries and between types of goods. As a rough guide, standard rates in many European countries are between about 19% and 25%, with lower rates for items such as food, books or transport. Check your tax authority for the rate that applies to your goods or service, and see our guides on adding and removing VAT with examples and on UK VAT.
This is general information about the arithmetic, not tax advice. Confirm rates and rules with your tax authority.